Sensor Tutorial

Introduction

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to take sensor readings from a Device and send readings to your Notecard and the Blues Wireless Notehub. You'll use CircuitPython running on a Feather wired up to Notecarrier-AF hardware. If you would like to use a different language, board, or Notecarrier, modify the dropdowns at the top of this guide.

If you get stuck at any point during this tutorial, the full source for each example is available in the note-tutorials GitHub repo.

Set up Hardware

First, you’ll need to get all of your hardware connected. Follow the instructions below to connect your Feather, BME680 sensor, and Notecard mounted on a Notecarrier-AF.

In order to complete this guide, you’ll need the following:

• Notecard mounted to Notecarrier-AF.

• Any CircuitPython-capable Microcontroller (MCU) with Feather headers. We’ll be using the Adafruit Feather M4 Express, but any MCU with a CircuitPython bootloader and binary will do. If using a different device, be sure to follow the instructions for burning the bootloader and flashing the CircuitPython binary to your device.

• A text editor or IDE that works well with CircuitPython, like Mu or Visual Studio Code.

• Micro USB to USB-A cable.

• A Grove or STEMMA QT/Qwiic sensor of your choosing. We’ll be using the Adafruit BME680, but you’re welcome to use any sensor and adapt the code in this guide to read from your sensor instead.

Connect the sensor and MCU to the Notecarrier

1. Plug your Feather-compatible Feather device into the Feather Headers on the Notecarrier-AF.

   

2. Plug your Adafruit BME680 into the STEMMA QT/Qwiic port on the Notecarrier-AF.

   

3. Attach your microcontroller to your computer using a Micro USB to USB-A cable.

Create a Notehub Project

Now that your hardware is all connected, let’s create a new Notehub project to receive sensor readings from your Notecard.

1. Navigate to notehub.io and log-in, or create a new account.

2. Using the New Project card, give your project a name and ProductUID.

   

NOTE: The ProductUID must be globally unique, so we recommend a namespaced name like "org.coca-cola.soda.vending-machine.v2".

3. Take note of your ProductUID. This identifier is used by Notehub to associate your Notecard to your project.

   

Write Firmware

Now you’re ready to write some firmware. When communicating with the Notecard, you can manually send requests using the Serial write function and passing-in JSON objects, or use the note-python library. The code snippets below show both, so feel free to use the approach that works for you.

Configure your Notecard

Install the Notecard Python Library

1. To use the note-python library, you’ll first need to download or clone it from the GitHub repo.

   

2. Unzip the archive and copy the notecard directory into the lib directory of your CIRCUITPY mount.

   

3. Add an import for the library at the top of your code.py file.

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   import notecard

Set-up Your Notecard

1. Add some additional imports to the top of your code.py file:

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   import board
   import busio
   import time
   import json

2. Add a definition for your ProductUID using the value you specified when creating your Notehub project.

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   productUID = "com.your-company.your-name:your_product"

3. Configure the I2C Bus and connection to your Notecard, and initialize the connection to the Notecard using the OpenI2C function. Be sure to set the debug parameter to True to see Notecard requests and responses.

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   port = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
   card = notecard.OpenI2C(port, 0, 0, debug = True)

4. Now, we’ll configure the Notecard. Using the hub.set request, we associate this Notecard with the ProductUID of your project and set the Notecard to operate in continuous mode, which indicates that the device should immediately make a connection to Notehub and keep it active.

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   req = {"req": "hub.set"}
   req["product"] = productUID
   req["mode"] = "continuous"
   rsp = card.Transaction(req)
   

   The lines above build-up a JSON object by adding two string values for product and mode, and then fires the request off to the Notecard with the Transaction function.

5. Save the code.py file to flash this code to your device.

6. Using your IDE or tool of choice, open a Serial monitor to your CircuitPython device. If everything has been connected and configured properly, you’ll see a few debug messages, including the JSON object you sent, as well as the response from the Notecard {}.

   

Read from the sensor

Now that you’ve configured your MCU to communicate with the Notecard, let’s grab sensor readings from the BME680. First, you’ll want to grab a few libraries to use to interact with the device.

1. Navigate to the CircuitPython site and download the library bundle for the version of CircuitPython you’re using.

   

2. Unzip the archive.

3. Find the adafuit_bme680.mpy file and adafruit_bus_device folders and copy both to the lib directory of your CIRCUITPY mount. If the lib directory doesn’t exist, you can create it.

   

4. Now you’re ready to take readings from the BME680. Start by adding an import for the library to the top of your code.py file

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   import adafruit_bme680

5. Configure the I2C connection to your device and create a new instance of the sensor.

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   bmeSensor = adafruit_bme680.Adafruit_BME680_I2C(port)

6. Now let's take a reading. Add a while True block to your code.py if there’s not one already. Then take a temperature and humidity reading and print each to the console before sleeping for 15 seconds and repeating the process.

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   while True:
      temp = bmeSensor.temperature
      humidity = bmeSensor.humidity
      print("\nTemperature: %0.1f C" % temp)
      print("Humidity: %0.1f %%" % humidity)
   
      time.sleep(15)

7. Save code.py and reopen the Serial monitor. Every 15 seconds, you’ll see new readings.

   

Send Sensor Readings to the Notecard

Now that we’re getting sensor readings, let’s send these to our Notecard.

1. To send a sensor reading to the Notecard, we’ll need to construct a new JSON request to the note.add API that includes a new Notefile name (sensors.qo), sets the start field to true to instruct the Notecard to sync to Notehub immediately, and finally, sets the body to the sensor temperature and humidity. Add the following in while loop right after the print commands to print out readings.

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   req = {"req": "note.add"}
   req["file"] = "sensors.qo"
   req["sync"] = True
   req["body"] = { "temp": temp, "humidity": humidity}
   req = card.Transaction(req)
   print(rsp)
   

2. Save this code to your device. After restart, the Serial monitor will update to display the response from the note.add request (the total number of Notes in the notefile) each time you add a new reading.

   

View Data in Notehub

Once you start capturing readings, your Notecard will initiate a connection to Notehub and will start transferring Notes. Depending on signal strength and coverage in your area, it may take a few minutes for your Notecard to connect to Notehub and transfer data.

1. Return to notehub.io and open your project. You should see your notecard in the Devices view.

   

2. Now, click on the Events left menu item. Once your sensor Notes start syncing, they’ll show up here.

   

Congratulations!

You’ve successfully connected your Feather and external sensor to your Notecard!